Overview
Oman was the last GCC country to introduce Islamic banking in 2012, but the sector has grown rapidly since. Understanding the dynamics between traditional and Islamic banking illuminates the evolution of Oman’s financial sector.
Traditional Banking in Oman
Traditional (conventional) banking dominates Oman’s financial sector, with Bank Muscat, National Bank of Oman, BankDhofar, and HSBC Oman among the major players. Conventional banks hold approximately 85 percent of total banking assets. These institutions offer standard interest-based products including deposits, loans, mortgages, and trade finance. The sector is well-capitalised and conservatively regulated by the Central Bank of Oman.
Islamic Banking in Oman
Islamic banking in Oman comprises two full-fledged Islamic banks (Bank Nizwa and Alizz Islamic Bank) and Islamic windows operated by conventional banks (including Bank Muscat’s Meethaq). Islamic banking assets have grown to approximately 15 percent of total banking assets since the 2012 launch. Products follow Sharia principles, avoiding interest (riba) and uncertainty (gharar). Popular products include murabaha, ijara, and sukuk. Growth has been driven by customer demand for Sharia-compliant products.
Key Differences
Conventional banking has deeper market penetration, a wider product range, and more established infrastructure. Islamic banking is growing faster from a smaller base and taps into religious and cultural preferences. Conventional banks benefit from economies of scale, while Islamic banks attract depositors seeking ethical financial services. Regulatory frameworks have been adapted to accommodate both systems.
Verdict / Bottom Line
The dual banking system benefits Oman by offering customer choice and expanding financial inclusion among those who prefer Sharia-compliant products. Islamic banking growth should be encouraged but not at the expense of conventional banking stability. Developing Islamic capital market instruments, particularly sukuk, could also support government financing diversification.