Non-Oil GDP Share: 70.5% ▲ +9.5pp vs 2017 | QS Ranking — SQU: #334 ▲ ↑28 places | Fiscal Balance: +2.8% GDP ▲ 3rd surplus year | CPI Rank: 50th ▲ +20 places | Global Innovation Index: 69th ▲ +10 vs 2022 | Green H₂ Pipeline: $30B+ ▲ 2 new deals 2025 | Gross Public Debt: ~35% GDP ▲ ↓ from 44% | Digitalised Procedures: 2,680 ▲ of 2,869 target | Non-Oil GDP Share: 70.5% ▲ +9.5pp vs 2017 | QS Ranking — SQU: #334 ▲ ↑28 places | Fiscal Balance: +2.8% GDP ▲ 3rd surplus year | CPI Rank: 50th ▲ +20 places | Global Innovation Index: 69th ▲ +10 vs 2022 | Green H₂ Pipeline: $30B+ ▲ 2 new deals 2025 | Gross Public Debt: ~35% GDP ▲ ↓ from 44% | Digitalised Procedures: 2,680 ▲ of 2,869 target |
Encyclopedia

Resource Curse

Definition of the resource curse and how Oman's Vision 2040 addresses the risks of oil dependence.

Resource Curse

Definition

The resource curse, also known as the paradox of plenty, describes the phenomenon whereby countries rich in natural resources, particularly non-renewable resources like oil and minerals, tend to experience slower economic growth, weaker governance, and greater inequality than countries with fewer natural resources.

Context

Oman’s policymakers are acutely aware of the resource curse risks associated with oil dependence. Vision 2040 explicitly addresses these risks through diversification, institutional reform, and investments in human capital designed to ensure that resource wealth supports rather than inhibits long-term development.

Example

Countries like Nigeria and Venezuela illustrate the resource curse, where oil wealth has been associated with corruption, underinvestment in education, and economic volatility, outcomes Oman actively seeks to avoid through proactive governance.