Non-Oil GDP Share: 70.5% ▲ +9.5pp vs 2017 | QS Ranking — SQU: #334 ▲ ↑28 places | Fiscal Balance: +2.8% GDP ▲ 3rd surplus year | CPI Rank: 50th ▲ +20 places | Global Innovation Index: 69th ▲ +10 vs 2022 | Green H₂ Pipeline: $30B+ ▲ 2 new deals 2025 | Gross Public Debt: ~35% GDP ▲ ↓ from 44% | Digitalised Procedures: 2,680 ▲ of 2,869 target | Non-Oil GDP Share: 70.5% ▲ +9.5pp vs 2017 | QS Ranking — SQU: #334 ▲ ↑28 places | Fiscal Balance: +2.8% GDP ▲ 3rd surplus year | CPI Rank: 50th ▲ +20 places | Global Innovation Index: 69th ▲ +10 vs 2022 | Green H₂ Pipeline: $30B+ ▲ 2 new deals 2025 | Gross Public Debt: ~35% GDP ▲ ↓ from 44% | Digitalised Procedures: 2,680 ▲ of 2,869 target |
Encyclopedia

Sohar City Guide

Guide to Sohar city covering industrial port free zone economy and historical significance

Sohar City Guide

Sohar, capital of the Al Batinah North Governorate, is Oman’s primary industrial city and the legendary birthplace of Sinbad the Sailor. Located 230 kilometres northwest of Muscat on the coast of the Gulf of Oman, Sohar has been transformed from a historic trading port into a major industrial and logistics hub through the development of Sohar Port and Freezone.

Key Facts

IndicatorValue
Population~350,000
GovernorateAl Batinah North
Major AssetSohar Port and Freezone
Industrial AnchorSohar Aluminium, Jindal Steel
Distance to Muscat230 km

Sohar Port and Freezone

Sohar Port and Freezone is a joint venture between the governments of Oman and the Port of Rotterdam. The facility combines deep-water port infrastructure with a 4,500-hectare freezone offering 100 percent foreign ownership, tax holidays, and customs exemptions. Major tenants include Vale, Jindal Shadeed Steel, and Sohar Aluminium.

Industrial Clusters

The metals cluster includes aluminium smelting, steel production, and downstream fabrication. The petrochemicals cluster features methanol, polypropylene, and polyethylene production. The food processing cluster serves both domestic and export markets.

Historical Significance

Sohar was one of the most important ports in the Islamic world during the medieval period, trading with China, India, and East Africa. Sohar Fort, a restored white fortress, showcases the city’s maritime heritage. The traditional fishing harbour continues to operate alongside the modern industrial port.

Living and Infrastructure

Sohar offers affordable residential options compared to Muscat. The city has healthcare facilities, schools, and a university campus. The Batinah Expressway provides fast road access to Muscat and the UAE border. The planned railway will further enhance connectivity.