Aflaj (Ancient Irrigation System)
Oman's aflaj (UNESCO World Heritage 2006) are ancient gravity-fed water channels that have sustained oasis agriculture for 3,000+ years — a sophisticated communal water management system still functioning today.
CPI Improvement 2024 — Oman's Anti-Corruption Progress
Oman improved its Corruption Perceptions Index ranking by 20 places in 2024 — from approximately rank 70 to rank 50 — the most significant single-year improvement among GCC states. A major signal to international investors.
Duqm Special Economic Zone
Duqm SEZ is Oman's most ambitious industrial development — a 2,000km² greenfield zone with deep-water port, 230,000 bpd refinery, drydock, and planned green hydrogen cluster, managed by SEZAD under OPAZ.
Economic Complexity Index (ECI)
The Economic Complexity Index measures the diversity and sophistication of a country's export basket — the most demanding diversification metric in Vision 2040, targeting Oman in the global top 10 by 2040.
Gini Coefficient
The Gini coefficient measures income inequality — Oman's coefficient of 0.31 (2010 baseline) is relatively contained by regional standards, with a Vision 2040 target of 0.28.
Green Hydrogen
Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysing water using renewable electricity — producing zero-carbon hydrogen that can replace fossil fuels in industry, transportation, and energy storage. Oman targets a $30bn+ export pipeline by 2040.
Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Development Index combines life expectancy, education, and income into a composite measure. Oman's HDI of 0.847 (2022) places it in the Very High Human Development category.
India-Middle East-Europe Corridor (IMEC)
IMEC is a proposed multi-modal trade corridor connecting India to Europe via the Gulf — announced at the G20 in 2023. Oman's ports (Sohar, Duqm) are positioned as potential key nodes if the corridor is realised.
Khareef (Salalah Monsoon Season)
The Khareef (June-September) is Oman's monsoon season that transforms Dhofar into a green, mist-covered landscape unique in the Arab world — creating both a distinctive tourism product and a marine upwelling that makes the Arabian Sea among the world's most productive fisheries.
Non-Oil GDP Share
Non-oil GDP share measures the proportion of Oman's total economic output generated outside the hydrocarbons sector — Vision 2040's flagship diversification metric.
Oman Fiscal Surplus (2022-2024)
Oman achieved fiscal surpluses in 2022, 2023, and 2024 — a dramatic reversal from the -11.7% GDP deficit of 2017. The turnaround reflects higher oil prices, VAT revenue, expenditure discipline, and improved fiscal management under Vision 2040.
Oman Future Fund
The Oman Future Fund, launched in 2024 with OMR 2 billion initial capitalisation, invests in Vision 2040 priority sectors — a development finance vehicle separate from OIA's wealth preservation mandate.
Omanisation
Omanisation is the policy of increasing Omani national employees' share of the private sector workforce — Vision 2040's most politically sensitive target (11.6% to 40% by 2040), currently running at approximately 18.5%.
OQEP IPO (2024)
The OQ Exploration and Production (OQEP) IPO in 2024 was Oman's largest-ever equity listing — raising OMR 975 million (~$2.5bn) and transforming Muscat Stock Exchange's market capitalisation.
Port of Salalah
Port of Salalah is Oman's largest container port and a major global transhipment hub, located on the main Asia-Europe shipping lane adjacent to the Gulf of Aden. Capacity exceeds 5 million TEU annually.
Social Progress Index (SPI)
The Social Progress Index measures societal wellbeing beyond GDP — covering basic human needs, wellbeing foundations, and opportunity. Oman's baseline was 68.2 (rank 66, 2018), targeting rank 20 by 2040.
Tawteen Platform
Tawteen is Oman's national digital job matching platform, launched in 2024, directly connecting Omani job seekers with private sector vacancies — a digital infrastructure response to the Omanisation gap.
Vision 2040: Four Pillars
Vision 2040 organises Oman's national strategy around four pillars: People and Society, Economy and Development, Sustainable Environment, and Governance. These pillars contain 12 priorities and 70+ KPIs.